ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ - History of Karnataka

(English)

The recorded history of Karnataka goes back more than two millennia. Several great empires and dynasties have ruled over Karnataka and have contributed greatly to the history, culture and development of Karnataka

The impact of kingdoms of Karnataka origin have been felt over other parts of India also. The Chindaka Nagas of central India, Gangas of Kalinga (Odisha),[1] Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta,[2] Chalukyas of Vengi,[3] Yadava Dynasty of Devagiri were all of Kannada origin[4] who later took to encouraging local languages.

In the medieval and early modern periods, the Vijayanagara Empire and the Bahmani Sultanate became the major powers in Karnataka. The latter disintegrated to form five Deccan Sultanates. The Deccan Sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565.

After the Anglo-Mysore Wars, where the East India Company defeated the forces of Tipu Sultan, Company Rule began in India. Karnataka was divided between Bombay State, Mysore State, and Hyderabad State. Formal rule under the British Crown began in 1858. During this time, railways and airways, as well as modern universities were introduced in Karnataka.

India became Independent in 1947, and the Kingdom of Mysore and Hyderabad State were integrated into India. According to the States Reorganization Act, 1956, the Kannada-speaking areas of Hyderabad State, Madras State were unified with Mysore State. The state was renamed Karnataka in 1973.

(ಕನ್ನಡ)

ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಇತಿಹಾಸದ ದಾಖಲೆ 2000 ವರ್ಷಕ್ಕೂ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನದು. ಹಲವು ಮಹಾ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳು ಹಾಗು ರಾಜವಂಶದವರು ಕರ್ನಾಟಕವನ್ನು ಆಳಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿಯ ಇತಿಹಾಸ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಹಾಗು ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆಗೆ ಕಾರಣರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಮೂಲದ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ಭಾರತದ ಎಲ್ಲ ಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲೂ ಕಂಡು ಬರುತ್ತದೆ. ಬಂಗಾಳದ ಸೇನ ರಾಜವಂಶ ತಮ್ಮನ್ನು ಕರ್ನಾಟ ಕ್ಷತ್ರಿಯರುಗಳೆಂದು ಕರೆದು ಕೊಳ್ಳುತಿದ್ದರು.ಮಿಥಿಲಯಾ ಕರ್ನಾಟ ಕರು ಇಂದಿನ ಬಿಹಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಅಳುತಿದ್ದರು. ಅವರು ಕೂಡ ತಮ್ಮನು ತಾವು ಕರ್ನಾಟವಂಶ ಹಾಗು ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಕ್ಷತ್ರಿಯ ರೆಂದು ಕರೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತಿದ್ದರು.[೧]. ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾರತದ ಚಿಂದಕ ನಾಗರು, ಕಳಿಂಗದ ಗಂಗರು (ಒಡಿಶಾ)[೨], ಮಾನ್ಯಖೇಟದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟರು,[೩] ವೆಂಗಿ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು[೪] ದೇವಗಿರಿಯ ಯಾದವ ವಂಶ ಇವರೆಲ್ಲರೂ ಕನ್ನಡ ಮೂಲದವರೇ[೫] ಆದರೂ ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಭಾಷೆಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸಿದರು.

(İngilizce)

Karnataka'nın kaydedilen tarihi iki binden fazla geriye uzanıyor. Birkaç büyük imparatorluk ve hanedan, Karnataka'ya hükmetti ve Karnataka'nın tarihine, kültürüne ve gelişimine büyük katkıda bulundu.

Karnataka kökenli krallıkların etkisi de Hindistan'ın diğer bölgelerinde hissedilmiştir. Orta Hindistan'daki Chindaka Nagas, Kalinga Gangaları (Odisha), [1] Manyakheta’nın Rashtrakutas’ı, [2] Vengi’nın Chalukyas’ı, [3] Devagiri’nin Yadava hanedanı, daha sonra yerel dilleri cesaretlendirmek için Kannada kökenli [4] .

Ortaçağda ve erken modern dönemlerde Vijayanagara İmparatorluğu ve Bahmani Sultanlığı Karnataka'nın en büyük güçleri haline geldi. İkincisi, beş Deccan Sultanlığı oluşturmak üzere parçalandı. Deccan Sultanları, 1565 yılında Vijayanagara İmparatorluğu'nu yendi.

Doğu Hindistan Şirketi'nin Tipu Sultan'ın güçlerini yendiği Anglo-Mysore Savaşları'ndan sonra, Şirket Kuralı Hindistan'da başladı. Karnataka Bombay State, Mysore State ve Hyderabad State arasında bölünmüştür. İngiliz tacı altında resmi kural 1858'de başladı. Bu süre zarfında, Demiryolları ve Havayolları ile modern üniversiteler Karnataka'da tanıtıldı.

Hindistan 1947'de Bağımsız oldu ve Mysore Krallığı ile Haydarabad Devleti Hindistan'a entegre edildi. Devletlerin Yeniden Yapılandırılması Yasası'na göre, 1956, Haydarabad Devleti'nin Kannada dili konuşan bölgeleri, Madras Devleti, Mysore Devleti ile birleştirildi. Devlet 1973 yılında Karnataka olarak değiştirildi.

(ಕನ್ನಡ)

ದಾಖಲೆ ಇತಿಹಾಸದ ದಾಖಲೆ 2000 ವರ್ಷಕ್ಕೂ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನದು. ಹಲವು ಮಹಾ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳು ಹಾಗು ರಾಜವಂಶದವರು ಆಳಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿಯ ಇಲ್ಲಿಯ ಇತಿಹಾಸ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಹಾಗು ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆಗೆ ಕಾರಣರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಮೂಲದ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ಭಾರತದ ಎಲ್ಲ ಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲೂ ಕಂಡು ಬರುತ್ತದೆ. ಬಂಗಾಳದ ಸೇನ ರಾಜವಂಶ ತಮ್ಮನ್ನು ಕರ್ನಾಟ ಕರೆದು ಕೊಳ್ಳುತಿದ್ದರು ಕೊಳ್ಳುತಿದ್ದರು.ಮಿಥಿಲಯಾ ಮಿಥಿಲಯಾ ಕರು ಇಂದಿನ ಬಿಹಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಅಳುತಿದ್ದರು. ೧ ಕೂಡ ಕೂಡ ತಾವು ಕರ್ನಾಟವಂಶ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಕ್ಷತ್ರಿಯ ರೆಂದು ಕರೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತಿದ್ದರು. ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾರತದ ಚಿಂದಕ ನಾಗರು, ಕಳಿಂಗದ ಗಂಗರು (ಒಡಿಶಾ) [೨], ಮಾನ್ಯಖೇಟದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟರು, [೩] ವೆಂಗಿ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು [೪] ದೇವಗಿರಿಯ ಯಾದವ ವಂಶ ಇವರೆಲ್ಲರೂ ಕನ್ನಡ ಮೂಲದವರೇ [೫] ಆದರೂ ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಭಾಷೆಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸಿದರು ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸಿದರು.